This book covers important aspects of modern optical microscopy and image restoration technologies. Instead of pure optical treatment, the book is delivered with the consideration of the scientists who utilize optical microscopy in their daily research. However, enough details are provided in basic imaging principles, optics and instrumentation in microscopy, spherical aberrations, deconvolution and image restoration. A number of microscopic technologies such as polarization, confocal and multi-photon microscopy are highlighted with their applications in biological and materials sciences/engineering.